Chapter 3 – Ancient Egypt and Africa

 

Using the textbook and the dictionary complete the following

 

1.        Identify the Mediterranean Sea                 Sea north of Africa – South of Europe

 

2.        Identify the Red Sea                                    Sea between Egypt and Sinai Peninsula –East of Egypt

 

3.        Identify the Sahara Desert                          Desert separating Northern from Southern Africa

 

4.        Identify the Nile River                 River central to Egypt – Mediterranean Sea from South

 

5.        Identify Pharaoh                                          Kings of Ancient Egypt = god = top of the pyramid

 

6.        Approximately how low did the ancient Egyptian civilization last?         3000 years – 3100 BC to 30 BC

 

7.        What empire took over the Egyptian civilization in approximately 30 BC?        Roman Empire

 

8.        Identify Ramses                                           Pharaoh who constructed great temples was considered the great builder and expanded the new kingdom greatly

9.        Identify Hatshepsut                                    First important woman ruler in history –great mortuary temple

 

10.     Identify Cleopatra                                        Last Egyptian Queen – During time of Julius Caesar relationships with Caesar and Marc Antony

11.     What gained in influence and power to control the growing Egyptian civilization?        Central Government ran a “nation” not a confederacy of citystates

12.     Define heredity rule                                     Family passes rule from one generation to the next = dynasties

 

13.     Define democracy                                        Rule by the people – direct or indirect

 

14.     Define dictatorship                                      Rule by a single authoritarian ruler

 

15.     Define Pyramid                                             Burial tombs for Pharaohs – monuments – near Cairo (on the Plateau of Giza) Kufu

 

16.     Define Sphinx                                               “guard” over the pyramids – head of Pharaoh and body of lion

 

17.     Define mummification                  Burial Process - dried wrapped bodies of dead

vital organs removed – preserved in canoptic jars

ordinary Egyptians were eventually mummified too – even animals in some cases

 

18.     Identify King Tut                                         Pharaoh – 1300s BC – young –

Un-plundered tomb discovered in 1920s

 

19.     Define hieroglyphics                                   Ancient Egyptian system of writing – pictures and symbols

 

20.     Define papyrus                                             Egyptian “paper” made from the papyrus plant (interwoven)

 

21.     Define Rosetta Stone                                  Discovered in 1700s – Napoleon era – helped decipher Hieroglyphics from Greek

 

Be able to locate and identify the Nile River, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Egypt.